Exploring Sexual Assault And Rape - 1315 Words

EXPLAINING SEXUAL ASSAULT AND RAPE As reported by, feminist criminologists, their perspective of rape and sexual assault differ between liberal and radical feminists. Liberal feminists’ viewpoint in regards of rape as a gender-neutral assault on a persons’ autonomy and mainly focusing on the harm that rape can do to an individual. In contrast, radical feminists describe rape as a subject to be recognised and understood as a major pillar of patriarchy; a social system in which men claim the positions of dominance and control of the central norms and values that are linked with masculinity (Johnson, 2005: p. 4-15). The radical feminists believe that rape is a patriarchal structure within male power, thus displaying the harms that rape can do to an individual and as a group of women. Furthermore, the radical feminists approach view rape as male have the control and authority over the use of women’s bodies, which involves the sexual and reproductive. Hence, this is the core element of patriarchy, Radi cal feminist believe that rape is one of many forms that connects men’s sexual exploitation and violence, as well as, reinforcing women’s oppression (Whisnant, 2013). The main debate amongst the explanation is the key motivation that drives the offender to commit rape. Previously, majority of social scientists’ perspective of rape is seen as a sexually motivated crime; for instance, males are given the opportunity to fulfil their sexual desires that cannot be met legally, thusShow MoreRelatedSexual Assault Among Male And Female Students Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesThe alarming increase in sexual assault among male and female students is a source of concern. Despite improvements in the general statistics on rape cases, the college setting remains to be the hot bed of sexual assault, especially among the female counterparts (Allen, 2007). A victim, regardless being a male or a female, never feel safe in their life as something precious was taken from them once. Statistics show that 17.6% of women are likely to be victims of rape in their entire lifetime whileRead MoreGreek Life And Its Impacts On Women1108 Words   |  5 Pagespressure t o engage in unwanted sexual activity is higher because of the roles portrayed between sororities and fraternities. Aversion to unwanted advances, or instances where either party is not in the appropriate state to give consent, is often ignored, resulting in sexual assault or rape. In fact, fraternity members are three times more likely to rape. Additionally, sorority members are up to seventy-four percent more likely to experience rape or sexual assault. Sexual Assault on Campus: A MultilevelRead MoreCausal Attribution Theories Of Victim Blaming1204 Words   |  5 PagesTheories of Victim Blaming in Cases of Sexual Assault For most individuals, the thought of blaming the victim of a tragic experience for their own pain and suffering, seems preposterous. However, ascribing at least some of the blame to the victim is not uncommon (Niemi Young, 2014). Victim blaming refers to individuals finding reasons to hold the victim of an incident responsible for the crime that took place (Hayes, Lorenz Bell, 2013). For victims of sexual assault, who may already be experiencingRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1357 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinition: â€Å"the advocacy of women s rights on the ground of the equality of the sexes† (Oxford dictionary). In the novel The Handmaid’s Tale, Margaret Atwood explores feminism through the themes of women’s bodies as political tools, the dynamics of rape culture and the society of complacency. Margaret Atwood was born in 1939, at the beginning of WWII, growing up in a time of fear. In the autumn of 1984, when she began writing The Handmaid’s Tale, she was living in West Berlin. The Berlin Wall hadRead MoreSexual Assault of Women in the Military1409 Words   |  6 PagesMilitary today. The issues of sexual assault are affecting women serving in the battlefield which feminists would be concerned. The U.S. servicewomen in the military who have returned from war, the quantity of sexual assault they are forced to endure has not only been amplified, but disregarded and not picked up by military officials and fellow soldiers. Sexual assault is well-defined and occurs when a woman is not interested engaging, but forced upon to have a sexual activity with the perpetratorRead MoreExploring A Specific Crisis Situations1282 Words   |  6 Pages Exploring a Specific Crisis Situations The Story of Melody Shandi Gerkin Thomas University Exploring a Specific Crisis Situation: The Story of Melody In order to explore how a crisis worker would approach, assess, and treat a crisis situation, this paper will focus on the story of Melody, the victim of a brutal rape. Melody Swanson is a 50 year old, divorced teacher who has been living alone since her children went to college two months ago. MelodyRead MoreT. H. S862 Words   |  4 Pagesto recall the events of the prior evening. To date, T.H. is still unable to remember what transpired while she was unconscious. The patient has not sought help for the rape subsequent to today’s visit. Presence of additional physical trauma, as well as the persistence and treatment of her pelvic pain in the weeks following the assault were not obtained. The patient is visibly distressed and reports significant anxiety over the implications of being pregnant on her relationship with her parents andRead MoreA Critical Discussion Of Potential Barriers For Male Victims2949 Words   |  12 PagesA critical discussion of potential barriers for male victims in reporting rape with reference to psychological theories of rape The search for sex and gender differences has had a long history in mainstream psychology. Sex refers to a person’s biological background which is typically categorised as male, female or intersex based on sex chromosomes, hormones and anatomy. In contrast, gender is termed as a psychological state which involves attitudes, feelings and behaviours associated to a person’sRead MoreThe Hunting Ground : An Exploration Of The Issues, Discourses, And Institutional Responses Essay954 Words   |  4 Pageson-campus rape in American college and universities. Indeed, a large portion of the filmic text dedicates itself to exploring the overrepresentation of university athletes in perpetuating crimes of rape, sexual violence, and sexual assault against female students. Furthermore, the film seeks to delineate the ways via which university athletes are accorded an equal disproportionate level of leigh way when it comes to institutional responses, and public discourse surrounding c rimes of rape and sexual violenceRead MoreGlobal Issue: Women’s Rights823 Words   |  3 Pagesold is when children are supposed to begin going to school, making new friends, and exploring their new freedom and independence. However, this was not the case for a young girl named Tahani who lives in Hajjah, Yemen. At the age of six, Tahani was forced to be married to a man more than four times her age. Tahani’s young marriage resulted in a lack of education and regular subjection to beatings and sexual assault by her husband (Sinclair). While conditions for women in developed countries have

Texas bureaucracy Essay - 816 Words

The state bureaucracy administers/implements the laws of Texas. It is run by executives whose job is to see that the laws of the state are implemented according to the will and intent of the Legislature. Ideally, these executive branch officials or bureaucrats are to administer their duties and implement the laws in a neutral manner, uninfluenced by politics. In reality, state bureaucrats are important players in not just implementation, but also policy making. In Texas, there is no overall central governing or controlling authority. Government authority in Texas is very decentralized, and rests within many independent state agencies. A bureaucracy is a way of administratively organizing large numbers of people who need to work†¦show more content†¦The first solution that seems to fix a problem is often the solution picked. When bureaucrats pick the first expedient it is called a satisfice. Kerwin notes that along the way rules and regulations may slow the process and possibly prevent organizations from making decisions. The executive branch consists of the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Comptroller of Public Accounts, Land Commissioner, Attorney General, Agriculture Commissioner, the three-member Texas Railroad Commission, the State Board of Education, and the Secretary of State. Texas has a plural executive branch system, which limits the power of the Governor. Except for the Secretary of State, all executive officers are elected independently, making them directly answerable to the public but not the Governor. The executive branch also includes several boards and commissions that are made up of a mixture of elections and gubernatorial appointments confirmed by the Senate. In addition, there are many independent boards, commissions, and agencies that operate independently of the governor. Power is decentralized among many officials. Although the governor appoints over 3,000 individuals to 285-plus state boards and commissions, he has very limited removal authority and thus, has little control ove r the executive branch. Even with the Governor appointing several members of boards and commissions, the overall effect is a large network of administrative groups that neither theShow MoreRelatedThe State Of Texas Bureaucracy1045 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernor and its elected or appointed bureaucrats are important for a state bureaucracy. It is very likely that most – if not, all bureaucracies share the common agreement: that the executive and legislative bodies must work together fairly with state agencies to reach their goal, which is to establish, control, and enforce certain policies that help create a perfect society. However, in the bureaucracy of the state of Texas, that goal seems to be unachievable. There are two articles that exploitsRead MoreEconomic Development Office For The State Of Texas888 Words   |  4 PagesThe summer of 2014, I interned at the Economic Development Office for the state of Texas. The office was tasked with preparing relocation incentives f or companies in order to create jobs. The office was split into different departments totaling about 45 people. The office worked strictly under the Governor. One would answer the phone, â€Å"Office of the Governor, Economic Development†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Economic Development offices around the country came under repetitive criticism for behaving as governors’ slush fundsRead MorePolitical Continuities Of The State Of Texas1040 Words   |  5 PagesBrandon Salazar Dr. Maria Reyes PSCI 2306-212 23 April 2017 Political Subcultures Residing in Texas In the United States, there are 3 different political subcultures. These three different political subcultures that make the United States what it is are the individualistic, moralistic and the traditionalistic subcultures. In the great state of Texas, the most common political subculture would have to be a mix between the traditionalistic and the individualistic subculture. In the individualisticRead MoreThe Political Culture Of Texas1272 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion 1: Political culture in Texas Throughout the world there are many diverse political cultures. A political culture is the attitudes, beliefs or practices among a group of likeminded individuals. (Giardino pg. 27) There are different categories that embrace a political culture like an Individualistic, traditionalistic and moralistic. An individualistic culture is one that prefers less government involvement. The traditionalists’ culture maintains government as the social and economic hierarchyRead MoreGovernor Rick Perry2287 Words   |  10 PagesPerry Governor of Texas 3/14/2011 Name Here Class Here â€Æ' Table of Content Life Page 2-4 Priorities Page 5-7 Governor Organizations Page 8-11` Roles of a Governor Page 12 Future Page 13 Work Cite Page 14 â€Æ' Life As a fifth generation Texan, Governor Rick Perry has taken an extraordinary Texas journey, from a tenant farm in the rolling West Texas plains to the governor’s office of our nation’s second largest state.Texas’ 47th governor, and the first Texas AM graduate to occupyRead MoreCharter Schools Of The United States2175 Words   |  9 Pagesidea of school choice within the boundaries of their own states. Texas created the states first charter school laws in 1995, which are outlined in Texas Education Code Chapter 12. Texas lawmakers established four distinct types of charters including Subchapter B Home-rule School District Charters, Subchapter C Campus Program Charters, Subchapter D Open-enrollment Charters, and Subchapter E University or Junior College Charters (Texas Education Agency Charter Schools). Each subchapter was created toRead MoreThe United States Government Is Divided Into Three Parts,1271 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernment of Texas operates under the Co nstitution of Texas and consists of a unitary democratic state government that uses the Dillon Rule, as well as governments at the county and municipal levels. Austin is the capital of Texas. The State Capitol resembles the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., but is faced in Texas pink granite and is topped by a statue of the Goddess of Liberty holding aloft a five-point Texas star.(wikipedia) The executive branch of government in Texas is composedRead More The Saga of the Tigua Indians Essay5049 Words   |  21 PagesIndians from mixed tribes, including a few Tigua. One in Juarez three camps for the Indians were established. Alvaro de Zualata was the first priest of the Sacramento camp was located on the present day site of the Mission Church at Ysleta, Texas. Ysleta, Texas, or Ysleta del Sur is the current location of the remaining Tigua Indians. Two other camps were also formed; St. Pedro de Alcantarra and Seneca del Sur. The present Church of Ysleta has an interesting record from this time stating that in additionRead More Privitization Of Airports Essay2866 Words   |  12 Pagesthe sound barrier, once brought a disabled jet to rest in an emergency landing. In September 1993, in the path of military cutbacks Bergstrom Air Force Base was closed. But the timing was fortuitous, because the closure came as the city of Austin, Texas was considering where to build a new airport. In 1993, the expected economic loss to Austin from the Bergstrom closure was estimated at $406 million a year and a loss of some 1000 jobs. But with the possibility of utilizing the prior Bergstrom AirRead MoreWhy Texas Race Racial Discrimination Is Because Of The Size Of Its Population Essay836 Words   |  4 Pagesestimates also shows that Texas population has been dominating by Whites (80.0%) over Black or African American (12.5%); American Indian and Alaska Native (1.0%); Asian (4.5%); Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (0.1%); other (13.3%); and Hispanic or Latino (38.6%). The percentage of foreign born persons living in Texas in 2014 now hovered around 16.8 percent (4.5 million), of which 70 percent from Latin America and 20 percent from Asia. One of the partial reasons why Texas dominating racial discrimination

Athens vs. Sparta Free Essays

Have you ever wondered what it would be like to live in one of the two strongest empires 2,500 years ago? Athens and Sparta were the most powerful empire and city- states in Greece 2,500 years ago. They both shared many of their beliefs and heroes, but they were very different when it came to their government. Athens had a democracy and trade while Sparta was a military state and its focus was training the people for war. We will write a custom essay sample on Athens vs. Sparta or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sparta was a better place because the women had more freedom, they were prized for reproduction, and they did not have to worry about raising their hildren after age eight because they had to go off to the military. I would rather live in Sparta because women had more freedom and independence, there was a strong sense of security and theyre government was very well protected, and women were prized and their women’s fitness was priority. In Sparta, the women had so much more freedom than the women in Athens. The Athenian women had to stay home and do what the man said and do all the work around the house (F). Their women were treated like children and many times the women were expected to be timid and earful (E). On the other hand, in Sparta, the women could take legal action under the supervision of a male guardian. They were prized for reproduction, women owned two-fifths of the land and they did not have to take care of their babies for long. The women only had to take care of healthy children for about 7 years then they would get taken away to the military (B). Also, they could own land and hire people to work for them. I like this way of living better than Athens because l, personally, like being ndependent and knowing that I can do things on my own. Second, Sparta was a better place to live because they had a very strong government and sense of security. The military in Sparta was very strong and they won many of their battles. Spartan women when handing their son or husband a shield would say â€Å"Come back with your shield, or on it. † Since the men had been trained they knew how to fight and they knew good strategies to help them fight. The two kings of Sparta led the military into battle when it was time. I would like to live ere because I know that if the city-state were attacked, the military would know how to defend the city and keep us safe. Next, Sparta was a better place to live because the women were somewhat important in society. In Sparta, the women were prized for their reproduction (B). If the women did not reproduce, they would not have any new people to go into the military. After seven years a woman would give her child to men who trained him for the military so he could grow up and serve for them (B). When the child became even or eight years they no longer had to worry about child care or the usual eighteen plus years of care that usually happens today. In addition, since women could do as much as the men, they spent time exercising and training for battle even though they could never fght. They would learn battle strategies Just like the men in Sparta and they would stay fit in the process. The women also believed in staying fit because if they were fit then the chance of them having a healthy child was increased. I believe this was important because for me, I like being athletic. I don’t think I could sit around and care for a child for many years and Just clean around the In conclusion, I think Athens could have been an okay place to live, but I think the women Just were not treated fairly. I would rather live in Sparta because the women were prized for their reproduction, they stayed fit, they were given more freedom, they were independent, and there was a strong sense of security and a strong and powerful government. I picked Sparta because it fits me best because I am athletic, independent, and I don’t like to be treated like dirt. How to cite Athens vs. Sparta, Papers

Reflection of Clinical Situation Affiliation †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Reflection of Clinical Situation Affiliation. Answer: Introduction: Healthcare is a vital aspect of human health, and different clinical situations tend to be treated differently. Clinical skills are put in place to help me prepare physically, mentally and emotionally for the working experience that is ahead of me. Clinical situations expose me on how we can handle various incidents and how to react or behave in different situations within my areas of expertise (Driscoll, 2007). Ms. Pandey has diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis five years ago and has now been admitted to the hospital with an exacerbation of Multiple Sclerosis. I am going to use Driscoll's (2007) reflection cycle to help me explore and analyze the concepts I learned when dealing with Ms. Pandeys clinical situation. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a condition which interferes with a persons central nerves system. Exacerbation of Multiple Sclerosis is when the person with MS develops old or new symptoms that worsen the condition of the person. MS Pandey is a 40-year-old woman who is having an exacerbation of MS, her condition is worsening, her health is not good and at the moment she cannot do most of the things like taking care of herself because of the adverse symptoms she is experiencing as a result of an exacerbation of Multiple Sclerosis. According to MS Pandeys past medical history, and the condition at the moment it seems like she is experiencing symptoms related to Exacerbation of Multiple Sclerosis. These symptoms include; general decreased muscle weakness, decreased swallowing and hypothermia, these conditions can cause serious problems in relation to the persons health (Leary, Porter Thompson, 2005). MS Pandey has diagnosed 5 years ago with Multiple Sclerosis, but she did not experience any symptoms at this time but it shows that she had asthma. Asthma is a prevalent condition among patients with MS meaning by the time she was diagnosed she already had asthma. MS Pandey did not do checkup and follow-ups to see if her condition was worsening or getting better. MS Pandey has been hospitalized for a high dose of hydrocortisone therapy, clearly indicating that her conditions are not so good (Ontaneda, Rae-Grant, 2009). I know that MS Pandey is not in a position to do most of the things herself because she is exper iencing some of the common symptoms of MS, she indeed needs help to manage activities of daily living (ADL). The fact that she has a problem with her vision indicates that she can barely see clearly means, she needs help to read the doctor written prescriptions. She has a problem in swallowing, this requires a lot of care because if not taken seriously the patient may develop aspiration pneumonia which is the leading causes of death in MS. MS Pandey, needs to water frequently and or urgently because of the bladder/bowel changes, but at the same time, she is experiencing limb sensational changes making it difficult for her to move from one point to another. This is another reason as to why she needs my help to make sure that she does her ADL without straining. With the pain and emotional conditions that MS Pandey is experiencing it is not possible for her to take care of her family at this point because she is so vulnerable and weak, all she needs is an absolute and total care (Steelman, 2015). Basically, I have been helping MS Pandey in terms of washing her, giving her drugs, and feeding he r among other things. This experience has given me a worldview of how to take care of any clinical situation that requires my assistance. Taking care of people like MS Pandey requires a lot of caution and monitoring. Dealing with patients of MS has given me a worldview on how to deal with patients with MS. helping people with ADL is not that easy it requires more skills, dedication, and perseverance. This practice of clinical situation helped me deal with my fear and built my courage level, which will help me in future to deal with cases like MS Pandey's and related clinical situations. References Driscoll, J. (2007). Practising Clinical Supervision: a reflective approach for healthcare professionals, (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: BailliereTindall. Leary, S. M., Porter, B., Thompson, A. J. (2005). Multiple sclerosis: diagnosis and the management of acute relapses.Postgraduate Medical Journal,81(955), 302-308. Ontaneda, D., Rae-Grant, A. D. (2009). Management of acute exacerbations in multiple sclerosis.Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology,12(4), 264. Steelman, A. J. (2015). Infection as an environmental trigger of multiple sclerosis disease exacerbation.Frontiers in immunology,6.

Last Map Is the Heart the Broken Globe Essay Example

Last Map Is the Heart: the Broken Globe Paper Leaving home does not mean abandoning ones traditions and beliefs. One will find new truths with their new surroundings; one may reject these truths if they so desire. Canadian author Henry Kreisel uses irony throughout his short story The Broken Globe. It is an ironic drama that demonstrates the relationship between a father and son. Nick Solchuck, geophysicist, is the son of a man who believes the Earth to be flat and still. Many immigrants who leave their native land hold strongly to traditions and beliefs; this is particularly hard for Mr. Solchuck considering new world realizations and the ironic success of his son, Nick. Mr. Solchuck grew up in a small Ukrainian village where he was educated by a medieval priest. He believed that everyone spoke against what he had learned in that school was turning to Satan. He grew up in a place where â€Å"the sun rose in the East and set in the West,† †¦ (Kreisel 143), this demonstrates how medieval Mr. Solcucks education was, he literally grew up in a time and place that people believed the sun was mobile. This held him back his entire life as he could not even accept the possibility of new concepts. With prolonged hatred towards the French, Mr. Solchuck is deeply offended when his son, Nick is practicing French under his roof. We will write a custom essay sample on Last Map Is the Heart: the Broken Globe specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Last Map Is the Heart: the Broken Globe specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Last Map Is the Heart: the Broken Globe specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Kreisel includes this part of the story because it links to a bigger issue of Mr. Solchucks poor education and ignorance. Nick Solchuck realizes about his father: â€Å"He wasnt mad but that he lived in the universe of the medieval church,† (Kreisel 143). This was Nick coming to the clearing of an internal storm representing the relationship between him and his father. Mr. Solchuck was holding strongly to what he knew to be true. â€Å"That thing over there,† (Kreisel 148), Mr. Solchuck refers to his son Nicks globe, â€Å"its a false thing,† (Kreisel 148) he states confidently. Nick had brought the globe home when he was 13 years old. Mr. Solchucks inability to accept the globes shape and his sons acceptance of it results in a broken globe. The broken globe is a symbol of Mr. Solchucks battle with his sons success and beliefs. Mr. Solchuck physically attacks the globe because it goes so beyond his beliefs. This event is so significant in Kreisels short story, that the title is in direct relation with it. It is not easy for Mr. Solchuck to stay true to his beliefs, and traditions from his Ukrainian background while his son Nick takes to the new world realizations, and finds success in becoming a geophysicist. Mr. Solchuck was taught that the Earth was flat, and that anyone who spoke against what hed been taught was turning to Satan. Mr. Solchucks old fashioned grudge-holding, abusive ways to attempt to halt the education of Nick Solchuck; Nick knows his father is not mad, he knows there is something to be respected in what comes off as ignorance. The broken globe that stands between t he father and son is symbolic in represent Mr. Solchucks struggle and inability to accept science.

The Human Genome Progect essays

The Human Genome Progect essays Begun in 1990, the U.S. Human Genome Project is a 13-year effort coordinated by the Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health. The project originally was planned to last 15 years, but effective resource and technological advances have accelerated the expected completion date to 2003. Project goals are to; identify all the (approx) 30,000 genes in human DNA, determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA, store this information in databases, improve tools for data analysis, transfer related technologies to the private sector, and address the ethical, legal and social issues that may arise from the project. In June 2000, scientists announced biologys most stunning achievement: the generation of a working draft sequence or the entire human genome. In addition to serving as a scaffold for the finished version, the draft provides a road map to an estimated 90% of genes on every chromosome and already has enabled gene hunters to pinpoint genes associated with more than 30 disorders. One insight already gleaned from the sequence is that, even on the molecular level, we are more that the sum of our 35,000 or so genes. The human genome contains 3164.7 million chemical nucleotide bases (A, T, C and G). The average gene consists of 3000 bases, but sizes vary greatly, with the largest known human gene being dystrophin at 2.4 million bases. Almost all nucleotide bases are exactly the same in all people. However, the functions are still unknown for over 50% of discovered genes. From the research done in the human genome project we now know how genes are arranged, the human genomes gene-dense urban centers are predominantly composed of the DNA building blocks G and C. In contrast, the gene-poor "deserts" are rich in the DNA building blocks A and T. GC- and AT-rich regions usually can be seen through a microscope as light and dark bands on chromosomes. Genes ...

Literature-Shakespeare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Literature-Shakespeare - Essay Example A woman who had declined to marry, almost certainly because she would lessen her own status and ability to rule by doing so, although her father’s various mishaps will also have had their influence. At the time most women were in a very restricted place in society, either under the control of their father’s or husbands, and unable to make decisions for themselves In many production of the play the parts of the queen of Athens and that of Titania are played by the same person – does Shakespeare therefore show them as reflecting different parts of the same character? .It should be remembered that it was not until the time of Charles II that women appeared legally on the English stage, so that these parts would have been played originally by young boys. The Plot This is a complex one involving 4 couples , Theseus , Duke of Athens and his bride to be , Hippolyta: Oberon and Titania the fairy king and queen: and two pairs of young people - Hermia and Lysander: Helena and Demetrius. After many tricks and turns, including of course the play within a play, love conquers all. At the beginning Theseus dominates his bride to be, reminding her of how he had wooed her, the queen of the Amazons, :- woo'd thee [Hippolyta] with my sword, And won thy love doing thee injuries; But I will wed thee in another key, With pomp, with triumph, and with revelling. (I.i.16-19) Hippolyta is therefore portrayed a conquered former enemy and apparently compliant. Is that how Shakespeare sees royal spouses or merely how he portrays them? He was born after the death of Henry VIII and Mary Tudor had died in his infancy so he had no personal experience to go on. . Hippolyta’s response is minimal, especially as they are interrupted by the entry of others. . He has conquered her by his physical strength. How much choice did she have in the matter? Would the audience understand erotic references in ‘sword’ and ‘injuries’ at a time when chastity in a bride was so prized? She merely discusses the short time left until the wedding. The rulers have had their quarrel and settled it as mature adults before the play begins. They have resolved their own differences. For the others though the action is all ahead of them and they do not have as much control over their own affairs as the rulers enjoy. Hippolyta does not appear again until near the end of the play ( Act iv) when she enters with her husband and Egeus. Theseus comes over as being very much in charge, giving orders to others. To Hippolyta, although he still tells her what is going to happen, he does address her as ‘Fair queen’. Her response is merely to reminisce. In Act v she disagrees with her husband - he thinks the lovers stories are mere fables, but she accepts them as being true witnesses ‘ More witnesses than fancy’s images. However this isn’t an argument really. By the end of the play Hippolyta seems merely world weary. She wants the rustic’s play to be over - Act V , scene 1, ‘I am a weary of this moon, would he but change’ and ‘I hope she will be brief.’ She criticizes ‘ His speech was like a tangled chain’ ‘ It is after all her wedding night. There are more important things to come than watching a silly and badly done play about thwarted lovers. Hermia The play is very much of its time . Rulers, if not Elizabeth I, did marry for political reasons. For others there was not much more choice. The idea of young people marrying because they were passionately in love was still an alien

Environmental Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Environmental Science - Essay Example ies to make the environment arsenic free and phytoremediation is considered one of the most efficient and cost effective ways to remove arsenic from arsenic contaminated soil. In this paper, Lampis et al, test the efficiency of a fern Pteris vittata inoculated with certain bacterial strains, on arsenic phytoextraction in an arsenic contaminated soil. The researchers aimed to investigate the capability of Pteris vittata or Chinese brake fern to remove arsenic from an arsenic contaminated soil sample when inoculated with certain bacterial strains. The soil sample sued for the study was procured from an arsenic contaminated area in in Scarlino Industrial area in Tuscany, Italy. This particular site served as a landfill area where almost 1.5milion tons of arsenopyrite cinders had been dumped thereby exposing the dump site to rain and subsequent leaching of the arsenic into the soil to the groundwater table. The researchers procured the rhizosphere of different autochthonous plants that grew in and around the Scarlino area and used the plant parts to extract bacterial strains that were naturally arsenic-resistant. They cultured the bacterial strain under laboratory conditions to obtain pure colonies. The ability of the bacteria to promote plant growth was also checked by conducting assay for IAA production and measuring the 1-amino-c yclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity. Taxonomic analysis of the bacterial isolates was conducted using both wet lab and dry lab methods. The researchers, at the end of the experiment, measured the biomass and the arsenic level in the roots as well as the fronds of the ferns. The results showed that there was a significant increase of almost 35% in the biomass of the plants which had been inoculated with bacteria when compared to those that had not received inoculation. The test results also confirmed that plants that received mixed inoculum had a greater capability to phytoextract arsenic from the soil as compared to

The Health Care System in the United States Essay

The Health Care System in the United States - Essay Example Basically, the government plays a vital role in the healthcare system. It is usually the policymaker and regulator of the health care system. It has formed entities to ensure compliance with the current laws of the United States that affect and govern the healthcare industry. These entities include the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Health care is a basic human right and it is, therefore, the responsibility of the United States government to ensure that all citizens can access affordable and quality healthcare. According to Wolper (173), as a stakeholder in the health care system, the government plays various roles. It provides and ensures access to health care especially to the vulnerable populations such as the elderly and those with disabilities. The government does this by building public hospitals that provide cheaper and quality medical care to all its citizens. It supports the acquisition of new knowledge, regulates health care markets and develops and evaluates new health care technologies and practices. The government is known to be a very supportive stakeholder in the adoption of new technologies in medical care particularly in the adoption of electronic health records. Government entities such as the FDA are also charged with the role of evaluating health care technologies and practices to ensure that they meet the safety laws set for the healthcare industry by the government.

Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy Specimen Removal

Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy Specimen Removal Removing the specimen with traction during robotic radical prostatectomy Serkan Altinova, Abidin Egemen Isgoren, Ziya Akbulut, Muhammed Fuat Ozcan, Abdullah Erdem Canda, Ali Fuat Atmaca, Mevalana Derya Balbay Key words: Prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy, specimen, traction Abstract Purpose: Our aim was to show if removing the specimen with traction during robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy cause positive surgical margin or not. Materials and Methods: 169 patients with localized prostate cancer who were performed robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy were included in the study between 2009-2011. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Patients’ characteristics, preop and postop evaluation were recorded. Results: There were 111 and 58 patints in group 1 (with traction) and group 2 (without traction), respectively. Patients’ ages, follow up time, body mass indexes (BMI), prostate spesific antigen (PSA) values, preop and postop Gleason score values, pathological stage, positive surgical margin rates and biochemical PSA reccurrence rates were evaluated. There was no statistically significant difference between groups for age, preop PSA values, BMI, preop and postop Gleason scores, positive surgical margin rates and biochemical reccurrence rates. There was significant difference between prostate weight, tumor volume and clinical stage between groups. ( Conclusions: Removing the specimen with traction during robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy does not cause positive surgical margin. The incision can be as small as possible for cosmetic sight. Introduction Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) has become the most preferred surgical technique for localized prostate cancer. One of the most important factor pointing out the oncologic success is the surgical margin status.(1) Positive surgical margin (PSM) status may be related both with the surgeon, surgical technique and disease burden. (1,2 ) Our aim was to evaluate the effect of traction, probably the cause of PSM, during the specimen removal. Ther are many studies comparing the PSM acording to techniques, pathologic findings and clinical stage but we found none acording the technique of specimen removal. (3) Materials and Methods 169 patients who were performed RALP for localized prostate cancer between 2009 and 2011 were included in this study. All the patients were evaluated and Ethic Committee permission were given for each. The reason why we planned this study was the patients with postoperative PSM (positive surgical margin) but no PSA (prostate spesific antigen) reccurrence. Patients were randomized as two groups, A and B, acording to their status of traction was done or not while removing the specmen. Traction can be defined as removing the specimen from a small incision that may let the specimen removed by traction. No traction can be defined as removing the traction from an incision larger than prostate that make easy removing the specimen without any difficulty. Student-t test was used for follow-up, age, BMI (body mass index), PSA, prostate weight and tumor volume. Chi-square test was used for Gleason grade, stage, SMI (surgical margin invasion) and BCR (biochemical reccurrence rates). All the values were calculated as mean and SD. SPSS 16 was used. Results Group A (traction group) had 111 patients while group B (no-traction group) had 58. There was statistically significant difference between groups for prostate weight, tumor volume and clinical stage. Age, BMI, preoperative PSA levels, biopsy Gleason score, prostatectomy Gleason score, pathological stage, SMI status and BCR were similar for both groups. Patients’ preoperative and postoperative characteristics are summerized in table 1 and 2. Although there are pT0 patients in both groups we have to say that we have given no additional therapy like androgen deprivation therapy preoperatively. Discussion Nowadays robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is the main surgical technique for localized prostate cancer. In the United States 85% of radical prostatectomies are performed robotically. (4) Generally PSM rates after different techniques for radical prostatectomy seems to be equal but sometimes surgical technique may effect the rates.(5,6) Oncologic outcomes of robotic surgery are generally similar with laparoscopic and open surgery (7-10) although there are some other results suggesting that the rates are different for the techniques. (11-13) The well known object is that the PSM may be related with disease burden, surgeon and also the technique. Robotic surgery has some differences from laparoscopic surgery. The adventages of robotic surgery are related both with the patient and the surgeon. This provides a comfortable operation for the surgeon. In order to find out if traction may cause a PSM, we randomised the patients into two groups as traction or non-traction. We believe that traction may cause a damage on the prostate capsula and show a pseudopositive surgical margin. In our study PSM rates are similar in both groups. Higher tumor volume and stage can effect PSM rates. (2) Although traction group has higher tumor volume rates and lower clinical stage PSM rates are similar. Also prostatectomy Gleason scores are similar for both groups. All the operations were performed by the same person as PSM rates can differ among surgeons performance. Some outhors have described â€Å" Capsular Incision Index† to show the damages on the capsula that may cause pseudopositive surgical margin.(2). We beleive, because of the traction made by the fourth arm of the robot may cause pseudopositive surgical margin, pahologist must reveal that if there is a positive margin coloured with the ink they use, they must also see the capsula of the prostate. If no, this may not be really a positive margin. This is very important as sometimes may affect the extra t herapy options. In order not to give any unneccesssary treatment both the surgeon and the pathologist must be very careful as this may not only increase the morbidity but also the cost. Conclusion Surgical margin status after radical prostatectomy is an important topic. Surgical technique is important in order not to cause a positive surgical margin but pathlogical findings are maybe more important for the possible additional treatment. Removing the specimen with traction during robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy does not cause positive surgical margin. The incision can be as small as possible for cosmetic sight. References Wiezer AZ, Strope S, Wood DP. Margin control in robotic and laparoscopic prostatectomy: What are the REAL oucomes. Urol Oncol. 2010; 28:210-14. Hong H, Mel L, Taylor J, Wu Q, Reeves H. Effects of robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy on surgical pathology specimens. Diagn Pathol. 2012; 7:24-30. Tewari A, Sooriakumaran P, Bloch DA, Seshadri-Kreaden U, Hebert AE, Wiklund P. Positive surgical margin and perioperative complication rates of primary surgical treatments for prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing retropubic, laparoscopic and robotic prostatectomy. Eur Urol. 2012; 62:1-15. Lowrance WT, Parekh DJ. The rapid uptake of robotic prostatectomy and its collateral effects. Cancer. 2012; 118:4–7. Philippou P, Waine E, Rowe E. Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy versus open: comparison of the learning curve of a single surgeon. J Endourol. 2012; 26:1002-08. Coelho RF, Rocco B, Patel MB, et al. Retropubic, laparoscopic and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a criticai review of outcomes reported by high volume centers. J Endourol. 2010; 24:2003-15. Parsons JK, Bennett JL. Outcomes of retropubic, laparoscopic, and robotic-assisted prostatectomy. Urology. 2008; 72:412–16. Ficarra V, Novara G, Fracalanza S, et al. A prospective, non-randomized trial comparing robot-assisted laparoscopic and retropubic radical prostatectomy in one European institution. BJU Int. 2009; 104:534–39. Schroeck FR, Sun L, Freedland SJ, et al. Comparison of prostate-specific antigen recurrence-free survival in a contemporary cohort of patients undergoing either radical retropubic or robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. BJU Int. 2008; 102:28–32. Laurila TA, Huang W, Jarrard DF. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic and radical retropubic prostatectomy generate similar positive margin rates in low and intermediate risk patients. Urol Oncol. 2009; 27:529–33. Williams SB, Chen MH, DAmico AV, et al. Radical retropubic prostatectomy and robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: likelihood of positive surgical margin(s) Urology. 2010; 76:1097–1101. Cathcart P, Murphy DG, Moon D, Costello AJ, Frydenberg M. Perioperative, functional and oncological outcomes after open and minimally invasive prostate cancer surgery: experience from Australasia. BJU Int. 2011; 107(Suppl 3):11–19. Magheli A, Gonzalgo ML, Su LM, et al . Impact of surgical technique (open vs laparoscopic vs robotic-assisted) on pathological and biochemical outcomes following radical prostatectomy: an analysis using propensity score matching. BJU Int. 2011; 107:1956–62. Table 1. Preoperative characteristics of patients Table 2. Patients’ postoperative findings 1

The Characters of Leo Tolstoys Anna Karenina Essay -- Tolstoy Anna Ka

The Characters of Leo Tolstoy's Anna Karenina          By examining the character list, one immediately notices the value Tolstoy places on character.   With one hundred and forty named characters and several other unnamed characters,   Tolstoy places his central focus in Anna Karenina on the characters. He uses their actions and behavior to develop the plot and exemplify the major themes of the novel.   Tolstoy wishes to examine life as it really is.   Tolstoy gives us a lifelike representation in Anna Karenina by creating   characters, both major and minor, that contribute to the sense of realism.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The most striking feature of Tolstoy's minor characters is that although they may only appear briefly, they still possess a sense of lifelikeness.   When a character is introduced, Tolstoy provides the reader with details of the characters appearance and actions that give a sense of realism.   For example, the waiter that Stiva and Levin encounter at their dinner, although a flat character is definitely presented in a manner which allows him to have a sense of lifelikeness and fullness.   From the speech patterns the waiter uses to the description of the fit of his uniform, one is presented with the details that allow the waiter to contribute to the novel in means beyond simply the presence of a minor character.   His description and actions provide the novel with a sense of "real life".      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another way in which Tolstoy gives the minor character a sense of life is by making them unpredictable.   One sees this in the character of Ryabinin.   When initially discussed,   the reader is told that upon conclusion of busines... ...esponse to the same situation.  Ã‚   It is this contrast of the three characters that allows Tolstoy to take full command of the life novel. He achieves a sense of real life in all of his characters.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although the reader may wish to, and can, draw distinctions in Tolstoy's characters such as a major or minor character that is either flat or round, the central focus of the character should be the contribution that they make to the reality of the novel. Although one can classify each of the characters in Anna Karenina as a major, minor, flat or round character,   Tolstoy presents each of his characters, whether they be major minor flat or round, so as to convey a sense of reality and lifelikeness in his novel.    Work Cited Tolstoy, Leo, Anna Karenin, translated by Edmonds, Rosemary, Penguin, London, 1978.

A Summary of the Manager Interview Questions

With the growth of worldwide globalization systems, it could not be denied that many people are transferring from one country to another. Some for business reasons, some for educational reasons and others just transfer for tourism purposes.Whatever it is that the different races transfer places, it could not be denied that in many ways, the said progressive movement of the human society towards the future raises several points of consideration in the human identity belonging to a certain ethnic group.Along with the global development comes the exchange of culture and other aspects of racial contributions such as language has been exchanged through immigration activities. This is the reason why it is very important for people to see to it that even though there is so much diversity in the world, language is still one of the keys by which a certain race’s ethnicity could be identified amidst diversity.With regards this fact, an interview was held by the author with an assistance manager named Andy Grady. He is a personnel manager in a high end clothing store named Kenneth Cole. The said business company is known for hiring people of different ethnicity and culture.This then drives the interviewer to have an interest with regards the capability of the manager in handling conflicts that may be considered in connection with hi ability in relating to the communication and personal development needs of the people. To be able to summarize the answers of the manager with regards the issue brought up herein shall be presented in the paragraphs that follow.Summary of interviewAccording to the interviewee, cultural diversity has usually been pointed as one reason why many companies around the world fall down. The fact that the differences include diverse preferences as well as individual personalities, the companies involved in such situations are naturally subjected to challenges of keeping the peace and unity within the community existent.The said five spheres of culture are mainly referred to as the region, industry, Company, Function and Profession. These five major factors making up the cultural diverse effects of having people from around the world work within a single company, usually identifies the importance of intercultural connection existing within the organization.These spheres are the ones pointed by many organizations as core reasons of dispute between members. With the use of the said spheres, the said company had been able to learn how to deal with many people of different cultures around the world. The barriers which were preempted to ruin the organization became the key for everyone’s united understanding of society not only within the business but also with the external communities that the members need to deal with everyday (Whitehead 2002).

buy custom Quality in an Age of Accountability essay

buy custom Quality in an Age of Accountability essay Should educators teach to the standards from national groups such as national technology or content standards? For teachers to teach effectively and professionally, education technology standards are the roadmap especially in this digital era. Being literate is crucial in this digital world and technological advances in a globalized society call for a highly skilled labor. This shows that technology is changing our society and therefore educators need to change their teaching skills and behaviors. These educators need to provide a learning environment that will take students into a world of opportunities away from their classrooms. Educational standards apply to a content area and the skills required for students to be competitive and successful in a global world need to be addressed. In your state, do the states NCLB tests demonstrate student achievement toward content standards? The state is required to administer tests in language arts and mathematics in grade 3-8 yearly and grade 10-12 at least once. The law requires that the assessments be aligned with state content standards. Performance of students is measured against the state content standards and reported in proficiency levels. The assessments involves multiple student achievement which are designed to report valid score analyses. The state education agencies are to identify content standards and use them to interpret student performance that is designed to meet NCLB proficiency requirements. We should also know that NCLB has the potential to be a better catalyst in giving punitive testing programs. Areas that need further investigation need to be looked at closely and understand the impact of NCLB in the process of student learning. How should teachers/educators be held accountable for student learning? Teachers are responsible to finding ways to educate students and a students score will reflect the teacherseffort. A distal use scores should pertain to sanctions against educators based on students performance on the NCLB tests. An argument that can be put across is that the people who develop this kind of sanctions need to collect evidence to support the use of a student performance to hold the concerned teachers accountable. Teachers may also be subjected to tests and a situation like this may require that developers and users enter into a ZNR to negotiate respective roles to determine best policy on education progress. How should administrators and managers evaluate the effectiveness of instruction for learner/student achievement relative to national standards? Managers can evaluate teacher by personal reflection to the state standards and the performance of students. This is based on an author ought to experience as a teacher in each state. Students should be accountable in whatever they do. But the main issue to effective teaching is whether students do what they are taught to do. The use of standardized tests should be used. Authentic assessments like in labs, essays, solving problems should be put into a students portfolio to give an accurate picture of what the students are taught. Teachers should start their lesson by starting with objectives and state the students work and at the end of the lesson, the student alone is able to do an objective whether the teacher has been effective (Srimai, et al). If you are outside of the school system, how should learning be measured in your organization? Unlike the school system, organizational learning is measured differently. Organizational learning involves all those activities like acquisition, application and mastery of new tools that allow improved processes that are critical to the organizations success. Organization learning enables faster process leaning. In defining a supportive culture for the organization, it is important to advocate chaallenging work, open communication and cohesion among employees. An organizations development model is used to measure the relationship of a supportive culture and such principles like TQM. The model is used to measure the relationship between learning organization and its impact on employee motivation. Therefore, organizations that implement TQM principles are associated with high levels of learning. It is important to measure relationship between a learning organization and a supportive organization culture. This means that learning occurs when executives are performing in a supportive o rganizational culture. Lastly, the learning in an organization will be reflected with higher levels of motivation in performing their chores (Pool, S.W.). How can you measure the success of a training or presentation? Presenters can set goals, develop personal speaking skills and look beyond traditional feedback tools to judge whether their efforts accomplish what they intended during a presentation. When people prepare for a presentation they should start with a measurable goal. Presentation comes with some objectives and it is important to identify the main reason for the presentation. It is important to state the main purpose. Another measure is by use of question feedback sheet. It is important to take a good look at the questions and ask if they are going to ask the right questions and if they will provide answers needed for judgment. It is also important to develop criteria and define personal presenting goals. It is also good to use passion to personally judge how the presentation is. Feedback is important in identifying problem areas. What qualitative measures can be used? Some of the quantitative measures used in measuring the successes of training include use of a question feedback sheet which contains questions. Another measure is the use of a measurable goal which contains the main presentation goals with its own objectives. Buy custom Quality in an Age of Accountability essay

Free Essays on Israeli Legal System

Hello everyone. My name is Dave and my paper is on the Israeli legal system. The state of Israel is a western – style democracy that has its roots from the British mandate over the Ottoman Empire after the defeat of Turkey in World War One. The area of land where Israel is located used to be part of the Ottoman Empire, which was ruled by Turkey. After World War One when Turkey was defeated a British mandate was established. The British mandate created a government which gradually replaced the old law, with English principles. All aspects of law have adopted the English ways but the only Ottoman law that was still followed was their system of family law. This allowed religious courts of the different religious communities to set the laws and standards of family practices. Israel is a parliamentary democracy consisting of a legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The institutions that make up these branches are the Presidency, the Knesset ( the parliament), the government ( which is made up of a cabinet of ministers), and the judiciary or court system. The Government is based upon the principles of separation of powers with checks and balance. The President is the head of state in Israel. The Presidential terms are 5 years each and each President is limited to 2 consecutive terms. The President is elected by a simple majority within the Knesset. Many of the Presidential duties are ceremonial and formal. These duties include: -opening the first session of a new Knesset -accepting the credentials of foreign envoys -signing treaties and laws adopted by the Knesset The Knesset or Israel’s parliament is the country’s legislative body. The Knesset got its name and fixed number of 120 members from the Knesset Hagedolah – which means Great Assembly- which was the representative Jewsih council convened in Jerusalem by Ezra and Nehemiah in the 5th century BC. Elections for the Knesset are held every 4 year... Free Essays on Israeli Legal System Free Essays on Israeli Legal System Hello everyone. My name is Dave and my paper is on the Israeli legal system. The state of Israel is a western – style democracy that has its roots from the British mandate over the Ottoman Empire after the defeat of Turkey in World War One. The area of land where Israel is located used to be part of the Ottoman Empire, which was ruled by Turkey. After World War One when Turkey was defeated a British mandate was established. The British mandate created a government which gradually replaced the old law, with English principles. All aspects of law have adopted the English ways but the only Ottoman law that was still followed was their system of family law. This allowed religious courts of the different religious communities to set the laws and standards of family practices. Israel is a parliamentary democracy consisting of a legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The institutions that make up these branches are the Presidency, the Knesset ( the parliament), the government ( which is made up of a cabinet of ministers), and the judiciary or court system. The Government is based upon the principles of separation of powers with checks and balance. The President is the head of state in Israel. The Presidential terms are 5 years each and each President is limited to 2 consecutive terms. The President is elected by a simple majority within the Knesset. Many of the Presidential duties are ceremonial and formal. These duties include: -opening the first session of a new Knesset -accepting the credentials of foreign envoys -signing treaties and laws adopted by the Knesset The Knesset or Israel’s parliament is the country’s legislative body. The Knesset got its name and fixed number of 120 members from the Knesset Hagedolah – which means Great Assembly- which was the representative Jewsih council convened in Jerusalem by Ezra and Nehemiah in the 5th century BC. Elections for the Knesset are held every 4 year...

Investment Appraisal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Investment Appraisal - Assignment Example Investment Appraisal The growth stage is also evidenced by the existence of sufficient resources that will be enough for the organization to open up to new opportunities. Tyneside gravel organization is currently faced by three main decisions. The first decision that Tyneside organization needs to consider is the need to expand as a way of meeting the demand of more customers. Through expansion it will be possible for the organization to open up to more opportunities. The organization needs to make a stable decision on the need to expand especially because one the area they seek to move in doesn’t have enough sand and gravel which would only add to the inconveniences (McEvoy, 2012). Tyneside gravel organization also needs to make a decision about having a similar stand especially for the autocratic managing director who fears taking into new and innovative methods which are mostly useful in adding to the success of any business. Tyneside organization is also faced by a third and very important dec ision of choosing between the most viable expansion site between Cleadon Hill and Burdon Farm through a consideration of various factors such as market and cost of leasing. Market is one of the major factors that affect the success of a particular organization because it affects both internal and external efficiency thus making it necessarily for Tyneside Gravel to put it into consideration. The issue of the market should be considered relative to Claedon Hill especially based on the fact that one of the management has secured a promise with a top contractor in the region to buy from the company should they decide to take on the Claedon Hill farm. By having the Claedon Hill as a site the company is more assured of a constant income since it will be able to make 240000 tons per year for the first year which is an assured estimate due to the Mowlem agreement. The company also estimates market sales of about 200000 tons per annum for the next three years. Lease is also a factor that the Tyneside Company should consider on the basis of the actual cost of the lease and the amount the company would spend on development of the lease and the time taken for the development as this is likely to affect the viability of the company in future. On signing the Claedon Hill lease Tyneside company will have to part with 500000 dollars which will be paid immediately while the time taken to develop the site will be a year which will cost the company 95000 dollars including the installation of machinery required for use in the site. The Tyneside Company on the other hand should also be able to analysis the Baldon Farm market which has a number of customers within the site but its viability will highly depend on securing more customers on the south. Market sales figures are expected to attract a 300000 tons buying power per annum. On a more positive trend the company expects to have a build on its market by the fifth year of about 900000 tons per year which is expected to continue over the remaining part of the project. The cost of lease in the Baldon Farm too will take into account the actual cost at the time of immediate lease, cost of development and the time that will be taken to end the work. The firm has been offered a deal to pay 700000 dollars at the initial lease coupled with the cost of development which is expected to be about 400000 dollars especially because the area is remote and requires more of infrastructural development. Question 2 Operational risks Every business that seeks to expand its ground is faced by several challenges that are commonly referred to as business expansion risks. Competitive business ex pansio

Work sheet Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Work sheet - Assignment Example lingering aftermath of the 2010 BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, a contemporary technical innovation which provides a â€Å"new method to improve the efficiency of cleaning up oil spills, using magnets† (Hall, 2012), holds significant potential. This new method is the brainchild of Markus Zahn, a professor of electrical engineering at MIT, and the research team led by Shahriar Khushrushahi of MIT’s Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. MIT had a breakthrough in January, and unveiled its new concept in September this year, posting it as a YouTube video. This innovation originated in Zahn’s concept that, if oil was magnetic, it could be easily separated from water using magnets. It works on the concept of magnetized fluids, or ferro-fluids. These are synthesized fluids, made up of 10 nanometer magnetic nanoparticles coated with a surfactant to stabilize it within a host liquid. They are typically water or oil based. The mixture of oil and water is collected in a restricted space. The oil is made magnetic by the addition of the magnetic nanoparticles. The magnetic oil is then separated from the water, using large magnets, giving clean water and magnetic oil. Using existing technology, the magnetic nanoparticles are removed from the oil, and the oil is recovered and recycled. (Zahn and Khushreshahi, in Hall, 2012). The concept is implemented through an arrangement of cylindrical magnets which are embedded vertically in a large tank. Globules of oil from the magnetic oil and water mixture rise above the water line and are scoope d up by large magnets. (Casey, 2012). The current methods of cleaning oil spills are of five types, each of which is attended by significant shortcomings. The first method just leaves the oil alone, letting it disperse by natural means. This has the possibility of polluting coastal regions and marine industries. The second method uses dispersants to break up the oil and accelerate its natural biodegradation. The

Health disparities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health disparities - Essay Example bservations that I made an as FNP student is that health center patients are more ethnically and racially diverse compared to national patients (Kronenfeld, 2013). In addition, health center patients are highly likely to be publicly insured or uninsured. Disparities in primary care setting are based on appropriateness, access and use of care. These disparities are caused by factors such as sex, income, health condition, race or ethnicity and geography. Patients with care sensitive conditions in low-income groups from rural areas are highly likely to indicate that their visit to the emergency department was because of a medical condition that was treatable by a primary care provider. Women with care sensitive conditions have a low probability of receiving information regarding medication side effects. In addition, they did not receive the four recommended tests required for chronic condition monitoring. They were also denied the right tools required for the self-management of their condition. People in low-income groups also did not receive support from their primary care provider. These people reported that their provider did not involve them during clinical decision-making (Kronenfeld, 2009). They were also not involved in the crea tion of a treatment plan that would help in the management of their medical conditions. I am preparing myself to address these disparities by conducting studies on disparities in primary care setting. In addition to the studies, I have interviewed healthcare professionals with an aim of gaining insights into the causes of the disparities and likelihood of avoiding them (Buttaro, 2013). I have performed a literature review of relevant literature on disparities in primary care setting. Most importantly, I have identified the most vulnerable demography and scheduled a survey with them in order to collect their views on the disparities experienced. If awarded the scholarship, I will use the funds to finance my studies on how the

Human development Essay Example for Free

Human development Essay Life starts at conception. Immediately fertilization takes place changes and events occur that will determine the kind of person to be born. This research tries to find out the effect of early life on the later life of an individual. And if early life affects the later life of the individual, then do children who grow up in violent communities have a tendency to exhibit violent behaviors as adults? The research will apply the cross-sectional design. People who differ in age are studied at the same time. A comparison of age related changes and the social behavior is done. A hypothesis is put forward and a cross-sectional experiment is done to test it. One advantage of this design is that one can collect data from different ages of children over a short period of time. Stages of human development After fertilization takes place, the zygote is formed. The zygote undergoes cell division some hours after it is formed. It takes one week to reach the uterus. In the uterus there occurs implantation. The zygote makes connection to the blood vessels. This process takes about one week(Brian Scott, 2005). After the zygote completely implant into the uterus, it becomes the embryo. This stage occurs between the 3rd week and the 9th week. During this stage the human body structure start to develop. The internal organs also start developing. The embryo consist of three layers: the ectoderm, the outer layer; the endoderm, the middle layer and the endoderm, inner layer. The ectoderm develops into the skin and hair; the mesoderm develops into bones , cartilages and the cardiovascular system ; the third layer develops into the internal organs . The heart start beating after four weeks. By 8 most body organs can be seen in although not well developed. Brian and Scott, 2005 ). The embryo rest in the amniotic sac which contains amniotic fluid. This fluid protects it. The embryo is connected to the mother via the placenta and the umbilical cord. The development of the embryo follows two principles: the cephalocaudal i. e it develops from head towards the legs and the proximodistal – the parts near the centre of the body develops first e. g the arm develops before the hands (Lichtenberg Norton,1970). The third stage is the Fetus stage. This stars from the ninth week. At this stage, most body organs start to work. There is remarkable increase weight. During this period, the body systems like the respiratory system develop. The fetus can move and play in the uterus. It can hear the heart mother’s hear beat and the mother speak. It can detect flavor. The fetus’s senses are developed. The sensory influence can have a lifetime effect on the fetus. A research done by deCasper and Spence( cited in Lorraine ) shows that the last few months of prenatal developments can shape the life of the newborn infant. It can have either positive or negative effect on the infant. For instance extreme stress in the mother can have several effects: First, the stress tigress the production of hormones which reduces the level of oxygen consumption of the fetus. Second, stress may affect eating habits of the mother thus affecting the fetus in turn. Third, it may cause the mother not to take onto account resting, exercising and may influence her to drink. All these have negative effect on the fetus (Joseph , Sandraw,1994). The mother’s age. The mother’s age seems to have an effect on the newborn baby. For instance teenage mothers mothers are likely to have problems during pregnancy and during birth. This is because they may not have the resources and skills to give them a good prenatal care. Again children born by teenage mothers may have problems. However a study ( Leavitt, 1993) revealed that it is the environmental and economic background that affect the child and not necessarily the age of the mother. Also the prenatal care given to the mother determines the behavior of the child. Nevertheless, older women, over 35 years experience more problems during pregnancy than younger women. They also record higher rates of miscarriage and Down ’s syndrome (Cited in Nelson). In general, for a healthy pregnancy and healthy baby, the age of the mother should be between 20 to 35 years. Teratogens. : Drugs, deseases and environmental harzards. Teratotegen is anything that affect a pregnancy. Some teratogens are: Drugs: Many drugs consumed by pregnant women pose great danger to the fetus and the mother. This was discovered after a drug called thalidomide caused women to bear children with malformed body organs. Thalidomide was being used by pregnant women to assist them sleep Other examples of teratogens are alcohol, cocaine, caffeine, nicotine and cigarettes. Joseph Sandraw, 1994). Diseases: Some diseases do not have any serious effect on the pregnant women. However most viral and bacterial diseases have effect on the pregnancy. The most serious ones are AIDS, gonorrhea, syphilis and genital herpes. These may cause low immune system and various disorders in the unborn (Lichtenberg Norton, 1970). Environmental hazards: The wastes from the industries contain chemicals. These chemicals may be absorbed into the mother’s body in small quantities through breathing and drinks. These cause great damage to the fetus since they are teratogens. Environmental teratogens are more serious because the mother may not be aware that she is taking it. Thus she may not have control over it. (Joseph Sandraw, 1994). However some teratogens may be avoided especially those found in food as food additives. Freud(1954) suggested that life starts at birth. Most psychoanalysts of his time believed so. They believed that the brain developed at infancy. Winnicot(cited in Freud) did a research which found that the experience of the unborn is very important the infant. It could have emotional implications that could affect the person even as an adult. Winnicott observed children and saw that there very many differences. He noted that problems caused during labor could traumatize the baby who develops a lot of distress. He conclusively said that the experience gained in the womb remain in memory for a lifetime. In the womb, traumatized fetus even develops defensive mechanisms to face the expected trouble. Later research therapists conducted research and were able to conclude that early trauma created a lot of fear for the rest of the life of the infant. The feelings of anxiety, seeing being devoured by ogres, falling into a bottomless bit are as a result of early trauma. An example is given of an infant who was mistakenly exposed to cold in a very cold night (Lorraine). This child always dreamt lying in the refrigerator and this continued even after 30 years. This shows that early trauma caused the infant to expect disaster at any time. However the discovery of the effect of perinatal trauma on the life of an individual helped therapists to treat patients with problems related to early trauma (Freud, 1954). Recent research by perinatal psychologists, neurobiologists, experimental psychologists has shown great connection of fetal trauma to problems experienced later in life. Initially biologists used to think that the fetus had incomplete myelination of neurons and therefore it could not have memories. Research shows that the thinly myelinated nerves of fetus can transmit waves but at a lower rate. Joseph et al.. Thus the experience gained in the womb may make one to be aware of violence, disaster lack faith. With this in mind, parents have started to consider the unborn as part of the member of the family. A father who played a game with a baby and the mother found that the next baby easily learnt the game. These parents tried to avid any experiences that may cause fetal distress (Lichtenberg Norton,1970). Fourteen independent studies have shown the relationship between antenatal maternal anxiety and emotional distress in the child. Prenatal stages are likely to be affected by antenatal stress. These reports have suggested that maternal distress affect the fetus as evidenced by increased fetal heart rate (FHR). This is done by use of ultrasound and monitoring FHR over long periods of time. Both the experimental and distress –induced study design have been employed to achieve this. For a normal case, at about the 15th week of the pregnancy fetal movements exhibit a certain pattern. As developments progress the fetal movements become dependent on specific heart rate pattern. These patterns finally develop into sleep-wake patterns which characterize stable temporal origination near term. There is a relationship between body movements and FHR accelerations. Fetal behavior is organized in rest activity or sleep- wake cycle (Lichtenberg Norton, 970). Effect war and social violence Family violence and trauma caused by war are passed through generations. Adults who were exposed to abuse and violence are more likely to show violence to their own offspring. They have difficulty forgetting their past and live normally. War and violence are everywhere in our societies. Many ethnic clashes continue for years and our children are being exposed to their effects. The children are being thought that disputes are being solved by use of violence. This violence is passed from generation to generation. Research and behavioral science has began to confront the problems of children exposed to violence. (Heidi, 2002). Over the last few decades, there has been an increase in the prevalence of domestic violence. Domestic violence has severe effect on families and society in general. Domestic violence can be in the form physical abuse, psychological abuse and sexual abuse. Exposure to violence creates traumatic stress. Traumatic stress can be either short term or long-term. Terr ( cited in Brian Scott, 20005) describes short term trauma as â€Å"Type I† e. g a single event of rape or beating. He described repeated or prolonged trauma as â€Å"Type II†. Type II has more serious effects than type I. Individual exposed to this kind of trauma may develop Post Traumatic Stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD makes one to show routine withdrawal and oversensitivity. Many children from domestic violence homes show levels of (PTSD) (Leavitt, 1993). If untreated, the children exhibit violent behaviors, delinquency and other social and psychological problems. Since young child do have the ability to express themselves verbally, the emotional problems developed are behavioral such as lack of sleep, feeding problems, inability to concentrate, withdrawn and physical complaints. The pre-adolescents child may in addition to the above problems show loss of interest in peers, poor self concept violence,, defiant behavior and temper out bursts. Adolescents are likely to fail academically and start abusing drugs. Youth who exhibit violent behaviors can be traced to families experiencing domestic violence. An estimated 20% 30% of dating teenagers abuse or are being abused by their partners mentally, sexually, emotionally or physically. Between 30% and 50 % of adult relationships show the same cycle of violence (Leavitt, 1993) Nelson ( 2000), points out that community violence also has an impact on children who were victimized or who witnessed member of community or family members being victimized get affected. The effect of violence spread to even those children who are not directly affected by violence. Violence tampers with activities of the child which might make the child a better person. Impact of violence on the child depends on the level of development of the child. Early exposure to violence is more detrimental than later exposure( p. 266) In 1995 FBI report it reported that 27% of all violent crime involved domestic violence. All forms of violence affect the child’s mind. One study was done to show the connection between the brain and someone’s violence. Psychologists observed brain imaging data for a great number of people with violent behaviors. The research focused on specific brain regions. One was the orbital frontal cortex and the amyglada. The results showed that most of the cases, there was absence of normal activity in the orbital and anterior regions. While the shoed normal activity. The two regions will not counteract and this may explain some people are hyper aroused ( Lorraine).

Night :: essays research papers

A Night to Remember The most traumatic experience I've ever gone through was getting held up by three Mexicans. In some ways I regret my actions. If I had it my way, I would go back and handle myself a lot differently. Luckily, this situation now makes me think more when I'm in other tense situations. It all started Halloween night 2001 in Dallas, Texas. My girlfriend, Tamara and I were driving from her house to mine for the night. It was about a thirty-minute drive and somewhere along the way we got separated. Tamara called me about five minutes from my house and told me there were some guys following her. I said "okay, well meet me in front of my house and I'll see who it is. I thought it would be a bunch of high school punks. Tamara pulled up to my house and so did a red Ford Taurus. While pulling in the Taurus pinned Tamara's car in so it couldn't move. That's when these guys really started pissing me off. The guys in the Taurus didn't realize I was there because I had my lights off so I turned my brights on and speed in front of there car and got out and yelled "What the fuck are you doing following my girlfriend." After saying this I looked into the car and realized that these guys weren't in high school. They were three adult Mexican males who didn't loo k too happy with the words I had spoken. After a brief pause the man from the passenger seat got out of the car and shouted "what the fuck did you just say to me?" I froze in total shock as he pulled a gun on me and told me he was going to shoot me. I was totally numb at this point, as anyone would be. He then started yelling that I wasn't such a big man now and that I was just a punk ass white boy. The man started asking me what I thought about dieing and asking me if I wanted to die. I responded surprisingly calm and said "no sir, I don't want to die, and I’d like to live". The man must have asked me if I wanted to die a dozen or so times. The man continued to walk around ranting and raving and shouting at me. While walking around shouting he was waving his gun in my face which was making me very nervous.

Thomas Bateman: A Derbyshire Antiquary :: Medieval Archaeology Essays

Thomas Bateman: A Derbyshire Antiquary Thomas Bateman was born in 1821 at Rowsley, in the Derbyshire Peak District. His archaeological career, though relatively brief, is noteworthy both for its abundance, and the fact that his barrow-openings in Derbyshire and Staffordshire provide virtually the only evidence for the early Medieval archaeology of the Peak District and the elusive Peak Dwellers. Thomas's father, William Bateman, was an amateur antiquarian and pursued his pastime in accomplishing the excavation of a number of barrows on the family estate at Middleton. When William Bateman died in 1835 aged only 38, Thomas's upbringing and education were taken in hand by his grandfather. Thomas was educated at the non-conformist academy at Bootle, and from 1837 assisted in running the family estate, while in his spare time exploring the peakland, hunting, shooting, collecting flints and examining the many local ancient monuments. Bateman became a keen student of archaeology and read and was greatly influenced by Sir Richard Colt Hoare's seminal work Ancient Wiltshire. In 1841, Thomas reached his majority and set up his own house in Bakewell. He pursued an illicit affair with Mary Ann Mason, the wife of a boatman on the Cromford Canal, and for a some years they lived together as husband and wife, though they never married. Bateman's archaeological career began by observing the demolition of Bakewell's Medieval church. In 1843, he joined the newly formed British Archaeological Association, set up as a reaction to the influence of the Society of Antiquaries. Bateman attended the Canterbury Archaeological Congress of 1844 with Mary Mason, passing her off as his wife. At about this time, Bateman built his own country house, Lomberdale, at Middleton, where he continued to live with Mary Mason. The house incorporated many of the architectural fragments rescued from Bakewell Church and Bateman set up a museum there to hold his growing archaeological and ethnographic collection. Barrow Digging 1845-1861 Bateman's career as a barrow digger began in the 1840's. While at the 1844 Canterbury Congress he, along with other delegates, excavated a number of barrows in the countryside around Canterbury. In 1845, Bateman excavated 38 barrows in Derbyshire and Staffordshire, and was dubbed the Barrow Knight in a poem by fellow antiquarian Stephen Isaacson. In 1845 and 1846 Bateman toured the north of England with Mary Mason, and carried out excavations in York, where construction of the new railway was levelling a part of the city walls.

Water Refilling Shop

BASIC FEASIBILITY STUDY: A. ) CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1. Water Refilling Machine †¦. †¦.. †¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P 250,000. 00 (select packaged amount from the given price list) 2. Renovation or new store at least 20sqm size†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 75,000. 00 3. Delivery vehicle †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦ 75,000. 00 (motorcycle with carrier or multi-cab) 4. Business permit & other legal docs†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 10,000. 00 (DTI, Mayor’s permit, Water testing, etc. ) 5. Initial Supplies /miscellaneous†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 31,750. 00 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. a. ) 150 Bottles slim †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 18,750. 0 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. b. ) 50 Bottles roun d †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7,500. 00 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. c. ) heat gun †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2,500. 00 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. d. ) Stickers †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3,000. 00 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Total P 441,750. 00 Let say total investment capital of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P 450,000. 00 Note: Actual investment may increased or decreased depends on your actual resources†¦ex. : a. ) less amt. for the delivery vehicle if you already have existing or you can buy 2nd unit. b. ) less amt. for the store buildg. f you have existing c. ) increase or decrease amt. on Refilling equipment, depends on what type of water p roduct you wants to sell. ( e. g. Mineral is only P150,000. 00 etc. )†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ,,,,,,,,,,,,, B. ) SALES / INCOME: Check market price per 5gal. container, price may vary depends on the area, time you use this computation and what type of water product you want to sell) e. g. : †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Mineral Water.. †¦.. P20 ~ P25 per container †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Purified Water†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P30 ~ P35 per container †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Alkaline Water†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ P45 ~ P50 per container †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦PI Water†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. P200 ~ P250 per container Type of processed Drinking Water 1. ) MONTHLY SALES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ P39,000. 00 1ST 2 Months: Target is at least 50 containers /day (50 conta iners x P30. 00 selling price x 26days) 2. MONTHLY EXPENSES:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P15,600. 00 a. ) Manpower/salaries†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P 500/ day or†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ P 9,100. 00 /mo. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 driver †¦.. P200 /day †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 re-filler†¦. P150 /day b. ) Electric bill†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P3,500. 00 c. ) Phone bill†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 500. 0 d. ) Transportation / gas allowance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦ 1,500. 00 c. ) Consumables and others.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1,000. 00 3. NET PROFIT †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P23,400. 00 (Gross Sales – Gross expenses = Net Profit) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ P39,000. 00 less P15,600. 00 = P23,400. 00 Note: you cannot compute your monthly sales based from your machine capacity (GPD Gallon Per Day) like other vendor’s computation, simply because you cannot sold 200 bottles a day in the 1st 2months operation of your business unless â€Å"dati ka nagtitinda and marami kana existing suki†. Pls. heck computation on the succeeding month†¦. Water Refilling Station Checklist One of fast expanding business in Manila, and in most Metro cities nationwide, is the water refilling station. It's mushrooming on every street corner, because a lot of people in urban areas prefer to get their drinking water from these water stations, it's simply clean and safe to drink. This is the reply from an ex-OFW about my inquiries of setting-up a water refilling station. He's an owner and supplier. Sir ito po ang complete information ko about water refilling station. In here meron po akong offer for 1000gpd, mga tips at requirements sa wrs.About your questions†¦ ROI maybe a year†¦ kasi we all know that the first three months ay more on marketing. If you will really decide to go into this business, I am willing to help you, I do not mind visiting the site kun meron na kayo. I will give you ideas how to run the business†¦ Promo ko po yan sa first five customers ko. Salamat and you will not regret going into this business†¦ Go into water refilling station business because: 1. You can earn 40 thousand a month. 2. Very easy to operate and can be installed right under your home. 3. Water is a basic need. Your customer will grow as time goes by.You can pass the business to your kids and generation ahead. 4. Lot of people really made it big beca use of this business. Do not let somebody do it before you do. 5. You will be proud and happy to own a water refilling station (speaking from experience). Equipments: 1000 GPD Reverse Osmosis Water Purifying Unit. 1. Filters: – 10Ãâ€"54†³ FRP (blue), Multimedia filter with timer head – 10Ãâ€"54†³FRP (blue), Granular Activated Carbon, with timer head – 10Ãâ€"54†³ FRP (Blue), Softener with timer head and brine tank – 20†³ slim (blue), 5 micron sediment filter – 20†³ slim (blue), polishing filter 2. Reverse Osmosis Unit – 1 no. 2. x40†³ R. O. membrane w/ stainless casing – ? hp procon pump, USA – Low pressure controller – 2 flowmeters – 2 Pressure gauges – stainless steel frame – Control Panel for automation. 3. Water tanks – 210gallons stainless steel raw water tank – 210 gallons stainless steek product tank 4. Disinfection – Ultraviolet – Ge rmicdal (5GPM) 5. Pumps , motors – 0. 5hp pumps, stainless head, Italy complete with 21 gallons s/s pressure tank, pressure switch at gauge. – 0. 5 hp pumps (raw), stainles head, Italy with switch and gauge. 6. Installation : – Installation and supply of pipes for 25sqmeter area is included in our offer. 7.Warranty – 1 year warranty for mechanical parts – 6 months warranty for electrical parts 8. Delivery: Free within Metro Manila 9. Support 1 year technical support. 1 week training of your staff. 10. Package Price: P250,000. 00 only Advantages of our system – The system is fully automatic and requires minimum maintenance and monitoring. – The system can be upgraded upto 2000GPD with minimum cost. – Pumps are from Italy – Protection from low pressure, overload and short circuit. I do not sell just to make money but also to help good and hard working people to survive this test in life – that is my commitment I kno w this usiness and I have learned to love it. Let me share my blessing. I am willing to help. Water Refilling Station Costing, requirements and other important informations. A. Capital Computation |a. 1000GPD water purification |250,000. 00 | |b. Renovation of the station |75,000. 00 | |c. Sign board |3,500. 00 | |d. Stickers |12,500. 00 | |e. 100 Bottles slim |12,500. 00 | |f. 100 Bottles round |15,000. 00 | |g.Motorcycle |65,000. 00 | |h. two layer side car |15,000. 00 | |i. Paper , documentation |3,500. 00 | |j. Water testing |4,500. 00 | |k. heat gun |2,500. 00 | |Total |459,000. 00 | |Say total capital |500,000. 00 | B. Cost, Sales, and Profit †¢ Rent 5,000 †¢ Meralco 6,000 †¢ Water 3,500 †¢ Driver salary 4,500 †¢ Refiller salary 3,000 †¢ Fuel 1,500 †¢ Telephone 500 †¢ Depreciation 2,500 Maintenance 1,000 †¢ Consumables 1,000 Total cost 28,500 Sales for 1000GPD Gallons (24hr. period) 1000 Bottles (5gal container) 200 bottles Monthly (26days) 5,200 bottles Sales (P35per bot) 182,000. 00 Net Profit 153,500. 00 monthly Kung half lang ng capacity ang nabenta.. meaning 100 bottles per day. Sales = 91,000 Net profit 62,500. 00 monthly, 64,000 monthly not bad pa rin di ba? Of course habang dumadami ang bottles produced at customer you may need to employ one more driver to accommodate the delivery. C. Important Requirements: 1. 25sq meters of space 2. Good source of water. Total Dissolved Solids must be below 500ppm.Meron ako tester na ginagamit to know ang TDS ng tubig. Above this TDS (500ppm) baka the quality ng product ay maapektuhan. D. Papers required for acquiring the License for your WRS 1. DTI 2. Barangay permit 3. Mayor's permit 4. Sanitary permit from Municipality or DOH E. Suggestions: E1. Location 1. You do not need to rent spacious place at along highway or road dahil tataas lang ang operating cost mo. If you have 25sqmeter sa bahay mo that will be enough. Or if you will rent naman siguro maximum take a pl ace that would cost from 5000 to 10,000 maximum at dapat meron agreement for 5 years at least. . If you are inside a well populated subdivision, very good because from the subdivision itsel you can easily earn 2 to 4k sales per day. At matipid pa sa gasolina. 3. You do not need to be along the highway dahil 90percent of your sales will be home delivery. E2: Equipments. †¢ Actually you are saving if you will get higher capacity of Reverse Osmosis purification unit. You need to run the system half of the time(12hrs. Only) to produce 1000 gallons. Anyway, yung equipments naman ay madali i-upgrade. †¢ If you can afford, get the fully automatic system.Wala ka ng babantayan na mapupuno or aapaw sa tanke. Just switch it on at it will automatically start and stop when empty at full na ang mga tangke. E3: Delivery You should have an idea kung saan ang maging market mo. Kung subdivision lang.. motorcycle na lang ang biling mo dahil it can carry 25 bottles din at matipid sa gasolina. In our case P500 full tank every 8-10days. Noong jeep ang gamit namin it is P100 per day. Some uses padyak lang. Kung posible sa lugar niyo why not. Contract : others will have a contract with motorcycle drivers P5 per gallon commission para ideliver ang tubig.Starting a Water Refilling Station Business It's easy to start with this kind of business, here's the procedures how: 1. Look for a supplier or seller of water refilling equipments and ask for the price list of different equipments that you can choose, if possible, ask for the feasibility study too to know how much the cost or total investment needed to put-up this type of business. 2. After studying the quotations and the total cost which you think is enough for your budget or capital, then you can start negotiating with the supplier. pic]Ask for discounts and know the after-sales support you can get from them like maintenance and warranty. Don't go for cheap equipments as this will not be worth in the long run. Always compa re and check carefully what you can see on the photos they give against the actual equipment. 3. After choosing the right equipment to purchase, look for a good place to put your refilling station. Some local municipals require a minimum of 25 sqm. total area for this type of business, but oftentimes 20 sqm is enough. If you don't want to rent a place, you can use your own house.Sales will not be a problem even you're inside a subdivision. 4. If you already found the location for you refilling station, you can now contact your preferred equipment supplier for your final negotiations. Ask for a typical layout of a water station from them that you can copy for your own water station. Some suppliers will check and evaluate the place for the best design and layout. 5. Oftentimes, the supplier will ask for a down payment before starting to prepare your equipments. The lead time for complete assembly is 2 to 3 weeks. Ask for a receipt or letter when paying for a down payment. 6.After clos ing the deal with the supplier, you can now start the construction of your water station that will take 3 to 4 weeks to finish. Start also making the deep well if this will be your preferred water source. Let the supplier check your water station during the construction to so that the lay-out will be strictly followed. It is very important that the carpenter follows the lay-out carefully especially on the washing area, pipings and drainage layout. While the construction is on-going, you can apply for a business permit to save time. 7. Go to the nearest DTI in your area and bring your residence certificate and barangay clearance.It's advisable to list 5 to 10 names you choose to name your business to avoid delay when your preferred name was already taken. 8. After getting the registered business name from DTI, go to your local municipal office and apply for a Mayor's business permit. The process takes 2 to 3 weeks depending on the area. Some municipal office will require you to submi t (a) water analysis of potability (physical, chemical and bacteriological test) from your raw or source of water. (b) Engineering drawings (building and electrical plan) signed by a sanitary engineer at other common legal requirement when applying for a building permit. . After getting the business permit and operation permit from municipal office, go to BIR and fill-up form 0506 and pay at the counter. After processing at BIR, you're now ready to make and print your receipts from the printing press. Some printing press will require you to show the approved form 0506 issued by BIR before printing your receipts. 10. It's now time to buy other supplies you will need like water containers, seals, heat gun, sanitizer soap, etc. You can also start doing your store's signage and sticker labels for your products. 11.Once the construction of your water station is finished and the water source is ready, you can now schedule the installation of the equipments (it's better to do it at night n ot too many people are roaming around). Complete installation takes 1 to 2 days only. 12. Allow the machine and equipments from 1 to 3 days to dry-run before selling the product, or get a sample for a water analysis. Go to the nearest DOH office and ask the procedures on how to test the water. Tip: it's better to get a water sample after a month of operation to make sure that the result of water analysis is good. 13.Wait for the result of water testing. If it passed, then good luck and welcome to the club! If it failed the test, call immediately the one who installed your equipments and let them check and analyze why. Other Frequently Ask Questions Q: What are the different types of water you can sell? A: There are four types of water that can be produced from the available equipments in the market today. 1. Mineral Water = Less investment but the disadvantage is shorter shelf life. 2. Purified Water = Equipments are more expensive that Mineral process with the use of â€Å"Reverse d Osmosis system†, the water will last up to 6 months. . Alkaline Water = Current fad because of positive write-ups about health benefits for people, but like mineral water, the shelf life is short. 4. PI Water = Started from Japan, known to have good effects in people's health but it's still quite expensive and not that popular in the Philippines. The customers are mostly Chinese. The selling price is about P200 to P250 per container (5gal. ) Q: What is the best source of water, Nawasa or deep well? A: Either of the two is fine, but deep well will give you a long term savings compared to Nawasa's costly monthly charge for commercial use.Q: How many personnel is required to run a water station? A: At first, 3 is enough, 1 driver, 1 helper and 1 refiller/washer. The number of personnel is relative to the demand of your products. Q: What are the consumable items with this type of business? Answer: †¢ Sediment Filter = replace every month or depending on the quality of the w ater source. †¢ GAC or Carbon Filter = usually 6 to 8 months average but if the water source is not good maybe 4 months only †¢ Carbon fillings = 8 moths to 1. 5 years average lifespan, or will be replaced if broken or the water starts to smell †¢ Daily use of seals Stickers Q: How true that this business is profitable and fast ROI? A: All business is not instant magic, the potential is good simply because water is a necessity. But this type of business, as with other business requires hard-work, patience, and ability to sell your product. Basic Feasibility Study A. Capital Investment 1. Water Refilling Machine – P 250,000. 00 2. Renovation or new store at least 20sqm size – 75,000. 00 3. Delivery vehicle (motorcycle with carrier or multi-cab) – 75,000. 00 4. Business permit & other legal docs (DTI, Mayor's permit, Water testing, etc. ) – 10,000. 0 5. Initial Supplies /miscellaneous – 31,750. 00 o a) 150 Bottles slim – 18,750. 00 o b) 50 Bottles round – 7,500. 00 o c) heat gun- 2,500. 00 o d) Stickers – 3,000. 00 6. Others – 8,250. 00 †¢ Total = P 450,000. 00 Note: Actual investment may increased or decreased depends on your actual resources, example: †¢ a. ) less amount for the delivery vehicle if you already have existing or you can buy 2nd unit. †¢ b. ) less amount for the store building if you have existing. †¢ c. ) increase or decrease amount on refilling equipment, depends on what type of water product you wants to sell ( e. . Mineral is only P150,000. 00 etc. ) B. Sales Income Check market price per 5 gal. container. Price may vary depends on the area what type of water product you want to sell: †¢ Mineral Water – P20 ~ P25 per container †¢ Purified Water – P30 ~ P35 per container †¢ Alkaline Water – P45 ~ P50 per container †¢ PI Water – P200 ~ P250 per container B1. Monthly Sales – P39,000. 00 †¢ 1ST 2 Months: Target is at least 50 containers /day (50 containers x P30. 00 selling price x 26days) B2. Monthly Expenses – P15,600. 00 1. Manpower/salaries – P 500/ day or P 9,100. 00 /mo. 1 driver – P200 /day o 1 re-filler – P150 /day 2. Electric bill – P3,500. 00 3. Phone bill – 500. 00 4. Transportation / gas allowance – 1,500. 00 5. Consumables and others – 1,000. 00 B3. Net Profit- P23,400. 00 (Gross Sales – Gross expenses = Net Profit) Note: You cannot compute your monthly sales based from your machine capacity (GPD Gallon Per Day) like other vendor's computation, simply because you cannot sold 200 bottles a day in the first 2 months operation of your business unless you're already operating for a year and you already established your customers in your area.